Socrates a revolutionary thinker - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1117 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/08/06 Category People Essay Tags: Socrates Essay Did you like this example? Socrates was known as the father of western philosophy. His new ways of thinking had brought a revolutionary change in ancient Greece; His studies had transformed people view of philosophy. Socrates radical ways of thinking had made him both popular and unpopular among the citizens of Athens. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Socrates a revolutionary thinker" essay for you Create order After his death, philosophers debated if Socrates theory were ever the act of a wise man spreading logic and reason or was he a madman spreading false wisdom. According to the article Twilight of idols Fredrich Nietzsche, he criticizes Socrates traditional philosophy. Friedrich Nietzsche was a 19th-century German philosopher who throughout his career, he has published numerous works of philosophy including the two principal articles Twilight of Idols and Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Nietzsche tries to attempt to reveal the motives that underlie traditional western philosophy in the twilight of idols. He uses Twilight of idols to debates Socrates last words, comparing his ideal of health to Plato/Socrates, and his critique of metaphysics. Nietzsche Twilight of idols to debates Socrates last words. Before Socrates death, he said: to livethat means to be sick a long time: I owe Asclepius the Savior a rooster (Socrates 1). Asclepius is the god of healing and one pays with the rooster after being cure of illness. In his last words, Socrates implies that life is a disease only cured by death. Socrates concluded that he was tormented by sickness of living. However, Nietzsche argues that such a perspective on life is only revealing different kind of life but not life itself. He believed that Socrates sickness played a factor in his search for the value of life as opposition to give value to his life. Nietzsche states we should give value to our lives based on our passions compared to an objectively set standard for the need good is what we should go for since Nietzsche explains value of life cannot be estimated(Socrates 2). He also claims that objective judgement that concern life made by Socrates are false accusations influ enced by symptoms of his condemned life. According to Nietzsche, Socrates has lived a life of such decadent. A corrupt leader who instinct of decadent was a natural impulse. That is to say it would be better to live a life not worth living such as the one Socrates had lived . Overall Nietzsche views Socrates as a sick unhappy man that wished for death. In Twilight of idols Nietzsche criticizes his perspective of health versus Socrates/Plato of health. Socrates last words defined his idea of the health and virtue of the human soul. According to Socrates to contain the health of the soul, one must fight against all bodily pleasures and urges. So, when Socrates stated that to live means to be sick a long time (Socrates 2) he was implying that throughout his life he had to fight consistently for the purification of his soul until death. Socrates believed that the soul was immortal, so he explained that death is not the end of the soul existence, but soul separating from the body. Throughout the centuries many philosophers have debated Socrates theory on purification of the soul. For instance, following in his teachers footsteps, Plato fully believed in the soul being immortal and argued the importance of keeping the soul pure. He believed that we would be reward not only in life but reward after death if we followed purification of the soul. Plato also argue how our bodily pleasures taints the purification of our soul. However, some philosophers like Nietzsche would disagree with Socrates theory about the health of the human soul. Philosopher Nietzsche claims Socrates to be a sick man who went against the instinct of life. He states Socrates as a sick corrupt leader that tries to estimate the value of life by labeling it good. Nietzsche also concluded that all philosophers who say life is useless shows a sickness that has clouded their judgment (Socrates 2). He believes that we cannot estimate the value of life; therefore, we cannot judge the value of life for it is meaningless. So, while Plato and Socrates agree to keep the soul healthy one must spend their life resisting their bodily urges until cured by death. Nietzsche disagrees with both philosophers saying Socrates theory of the soul will only spread sickness among philosophers and is foolish. Nietzsches uses the article Twilight of Idols to express his critique of metaphysics. Nitezchs claim that Socrates last dying words were based more on reason oppose to instinct. He believed that through the power of reason he could gain control over his body .Socrates belief in the authority of reason came from his idea of being. This idea of being came from the belief in the metaphysical world versus the physical world. Metaphysical world is the invisible world of mind and ideas compare to the physical world that is a visible world of sight and things seen. Metaphysicians made a moral judgment against these two different. They believed the metaphysical world to be good and immortal because of its goodness. But metaphysicians judge the visible world to be evil and flawed. Nietzsches question why the physical world should be degraded compared to the metaphysical world. He stated the metaphysical world was thought to be permanent and stable enteral reality with no change. Compared to the physical world which was constantly changing and transforming known as the becoming. Nietzsche concluded that since the metaphysical world was stable and permanent reality that it was consider good because the physical world was always changing it was considered to be consider evil. Nietzsche only believed there to be physical world that is true and logical compare to Metaphysical world that is just an illusion. He believes the invisible world was created for one to secret escaped from the pain and suffering of visible world. Socrates was a revolutionary thinker that had changed the ways of common beliefs in western philosophy. Socrates philosophy has caused many philosophy to debate over his theories. Philosopher Fredrich Nietzsche used this article Twilight of the Idols to debate Socrates traditional western philosophy. Based on his last words, Nietzsche believed Socrates was a sick man who truly believed that life was a disease only cured by death. Socrates last word also indicate his idea of the virtue and health of the human soul. He believed that fighting his instincts would keep his soul healthy and pure. However, Nietzsche argues that fighting our instinct goes against our human nature, therefore, making it an unhealthy belief. Besides criticizes the health of the human soul, Nietzsche also points out that the metaphysical world is an illusion for people like Socrates to escape reality because the physical world is only the actual real world.

Serious Disorders in America Clinical Depression Essay

There will be many topics covered as you continue to read that are related to depression. Clinical Depression is a very serious disorder that affects millions of people in the United States every year. There are many reasons for depression and there are also many signs and symptoms that can help you to identify depression that is affecting someone close to you. Depression can be treated in different forms weather it is through the use of anti depressants, coping, cognitive-behavioral and psychotherapy. There are many situations that can cause each person to get depressed for different reasons and may affect everyone in different ways and have different severities. There are believed to be three types of depression which are Major†¦show more content†¦There are many reasons that may lead a person into a state of depression and some of these issues may not be able to be fixed unless you seek professional help and assistance. Reasons causing depression can be biological, cognitive, gender, medications, genetics and situational issues. The issue that may cause biological depression can be caused from a person having to many or not enough brain chemicals that are referred to as neurotransmitters. Cognitive issues causing depression typically steam from a person having negative thoughts or low self esteem toward them. These issues may also lead them to assume other people think the same way about them. Gender issues that may cause depression for women throughout their lives may steam from the hormonal changes during menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth and menopause. One thing that is still unclear is if women develop depression issues at tw ice the rate of men. Issues that can be caused from medications may be caused by side effects of the medication or your body does not process the drug the way it is intended to be processed. 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Research suggests that mothers who are depressed have the potential to genetically predispose their children to social, cognitive impaired development; it appears as though offspring may experience heightenedRead MoreSymptoms, Misdiagnosis, And Treatments1668 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Here is the tragedy: when you are the victim of depression, not only do you feel utterly helpless and abandoned by the world, you also know that very few people can understand, or even begin to believe, that life can be this painful. There is nothing I can think of that is quite as isolating as this.† Stated by Giles Andreae. Depression is a common issue in America and it is still an issue that needs to be dealt with. Depression has many symptoms and treatments. With rates increasing, can we be

Cloud Infrastructure For Securing IOT Device and Data

Question: Discuss about theCloud Infrastructure for Securing IOT Device and Data. Answer: Introduction/Description In the current scenario cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) are creating waves across all application areas. IoT encompasses a variety of communicating devices namely RFID, wireless sensors, etc. which make use of wired or wireless medium or cellular networks (3G, 4G) to transfer data and is increasingly employed in a variety of smart monitoring and control applications [1]. IoT devices are flexible as they make use of different technologies, services and standards, therefore, they are generating a lot of interest in machine-to-machine (M2M) communications and in the areas of ICT applications, at least for the next decade as perceived by many experts [2]. Therefore, IoT can be understood as a collection of devices which work collaboratively in many applications involving data communications. In spite of these benefits, IoT devices are constrained by limitations in their storage, processing capacity and there are a number of issues related to security, privacy, reliability and performance. Hence, data streams transmitted by IoT devices are not fully secure and are vulnerable because of their open nature. Cloud computing offers ubiquitous IT services in and has virtually unlimited capacities and capabilities to provide processing power, storage, network, and infrastructure. Cloud computing is characterized by service models and deployment models. Service models offer a unique set of computing resources to suit different needs. Cloud computing models have the capability to handle IoT devices and can partially solve IoT requirements. In this report, the integration of IoT and cloud computing is explored because these two areas are setting the trend for new novel IT paradigm and viewed as the future internet. The merging of these two areas is also known as CloudIot paradigm [3]. The report will discuss the need for cloud security infrastructure for IoT to ensure secure device and data management. The report also provides summaries on IoT architecture and how cloud architecture can handle IoT devices and complement each other to resolve issues in privacy, security, confidentiality and performance. Background IoT and cloud have evolved independently and rapidly through these years, but their characteristics are found to complement each other. The aspects of cloud and IoT that complement each other are found in the areas of reachability, computational capabilities, storage, their role on the internet, computing elements and displacement. The characteristics related to these aspects in the case of IoT are: limited reachability, limited compute capability, very limited or no storage, point of convergence for data and IoT devices are pervasive. IoT devices are also difficult to manage because they are distributed. Likewise, the aspects for cloud are unlimited resources and services, virtual resources, unlimited storage, easy scalability, and a means of service delivery on the internet. Cloud computing management is centralized and hence easy to manage and enforce controls. Due to these characteristics, there is an emerging interest in integrating IoT devices in cloud services to have the bene fit of using unlimited cloud resources to overcome the limitations in IoT devices [4]. To understand the security risks posed by IoT, the generic architecture of IoT is first understood for its vulnerabilities. The IoT architecture is made up of four layers: Perception layer, Network layer, Middleware or separation layer and Application layer. Each layer is vulnerable to different security issues. Some of the security vulnerabilities in IoT architecture include eavesdropping, spoofing, RF jamming attacks, man-in-the-middle attack, DoS, phishing and sniffing attacks. Data streams from IoT devices are vulnerable to these attacks. Hence, security in IoT devices is highly crucial. The security objectives in IoT will include authentication, confidentiality, and integrity. Any data breach in any of these objectives will quite likely compromise the device and data. Cloud computing infrastructures are developed using industry best practices to comply with global security management standards (ISO, ITIL, PCI-DSS, etc.) and hence these three areas of authentication, confidentiality and integrity are mandatory requirements in any type of cloud infrastructure. In cloud services every user is established and permissions granted accordingly. Authentication process validates an individual user from his/her username and passwords to verify with their cloud profile [5]. In the case of IoT, the device will need to authenticate itself to participate in the cloud infrastructure and hence it makes use of a custom encapsulation mechanism called the smart business security IoT application protocol [6]. This protocol will establish cross-platform secure communications with encryption and authentication to enhance IoT development capabilities. Confidentiality and Integrity are major aspects of cloud computing because data is distributed across different data centers in databases. Therefore, confidentiality is asserted for user profiles to protect their data and allows for information security protocols applied at different layers in the cloud infrastructure. Integrity refers to data consistency, durability, and isolation in cloud environments. The existing management systems in relation to confidentiality and integrity in IoT context is analyzed for key management systems are applied [7]. There are four major frameworks in key management systems namely key pool framework, mathematical framework, negotiation framework and public key framework. These frameworks are not suitable for IoT. Hence to ensure the integrity and confidentiality more lightweight encryption methods involving XOR manipulation and anti-counterfeiting and privacy protection [8] to handle IoT devices as they are resource constrained. Confidentiality and in tegrity in IoT include security mechanisms such as data encryption methods that make data unreadable for neighboring devices. The aspect of availability in IoT relates to continuous streams of data which merge well with the ubiquitous service availability in the cloud. In summary, it can be noted that IoT and cloud infrastructures though have evolved separately, can be integrated to provide many benefits. The aspects that are common to both IoT and cloud paradigms are compared and discussed. IoT devices have many limitations in terms of resources and are vulnerable to security breaches. Cloud infrastructures make use of global security standards which can complement IoT devices in overcoming their security issues and participate in the network with secured data and device managements. References D. Miorandi, S. Sicari, F. De Pellegrini, I. Chlamtac, Survey internet of things: vision, applications and research challenges, Ad Hoc Networks. 10 (7) (2012) 14971516. D. Boswarthick, O. Elloumi, O. Hersent, M2M Communications: A Systems Approach, first ed., Wiley Publishing, 2012. H.-C. Chao. Internet of things and cloud computing for future internet. In Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2011. Aitken, R., Chandra, V., Myers, J., Sandhu, B., Shifren, L., Yeric, G., 2014. Device and technology implications of the internet of things. In: VLSI Technology (VLSI-Technology): Digest of Technical Papers, 2014 Symposium on. pp. 1-4. Ramgovind, S., Eloff, M.M., Smith, E. The Management of Security in Cloud Computing. IEEE 2010, pp. 1-4. Y. Zhao, Research on data security technology in internet of things, in: 2013 2nd International Conference on Mechatronics and Control Engineering, ICMCE 2013, Dalian, China, 2013, pp. 17521755 R. Roman, C. Alcaraz, J. Lopez, N. Sklavos, Key management systems for sensor networks in the context of the internet of things, Comput. Electrical Eng. 37 (2), 2011, pp. 147159. J.-Y. Lee, W.-C. Lin, Y.-H.Huang, A lightweight authentication protocol for internet of things, in: 2014 International Symposium on Next-Generation Electronics, ISNE 2014, Kwei-Shan, 2014, pp. 12

William Wordsworth and the Romantic Imagination an Example by

William Wordsworth and the Romantic Imagination William Wordsworth is one of the most influential Romantic poets who created a unique style of writing based on ideals of nature and imagination. His poetry was based on Romantic ideas opposed to Realism. Snatches of realism remain very welcome to Romantic sensationalists, especially as an escape from the starched dignities of Classicism. The Romantic reaction was healthy; but, like most reactions, it became extravagant and so unhealthy in its turn. As a Romantic writer, Wordsworths style grows more eloquent, more magical in the music of phrase and imagery, more impressive in the frank intensity of his feeling an imagination, in the atmosphere that passion can create. Thesis Wordsworth applies romantic imagination to theme and stylistic devices which help him to unveil unique feelings and settings of his poems. Need essay sample on "William Wordsworth and the Romantic Imagination" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed College Students Frequently Tell Us: Who wants to write assignment for me? Essay writers propose: Top Essay Writing Company Pay For Essay Reviews Cheapest Essay Writing Service Custom Essay Writing Company In Hart-Leap Well nature herself is explicitly present in the poem; there are numerous comments on what she can, cannot, will, will not do. And there is the assurance, in the last stanza of the poem, that she is the primary teacher here, not the poem nor the poet nor the storyteller. Characters in the poem, like its readers, are taught by Nature--"Taught both by what she shows, and what conceals" (Wordsworth 178). Wordsworth uses Romantic imagination when uses a telling phrase and a crucial idea, that Nature's teaching is done both by revealing and concealing. A poem that teaches in Nature's way must be a mixture of revealing and concealing also. What is actually revealed in the poem is, as usual with Wordsworth, quite straightforward, as long as we stick with only the overt revelations. The poem is actually two short stories. One is the almost casual tale of a traveler who narrates his own adventure and who, like every poetic persona, both is and is not the poet himself (Abrams Meye r 54). The traveler on horseback tells of coming alone and by chance upon a sight which arrests his attention and his movement. The sight is not particularly impressive and could easily be passed without notice: It chanced that I saw standing in a dell Three aspens as three corners of a square; And one, not four yards distant, near a well. (Wordsworth 102) Wordsworth as poet achieved exactly what he wanted to do: he conveyed not so much his own thoughts or judgments but, he conveyed the inspiration to the process of thought. In The Prelude where he denounces miseducation and specifically denounces "how books mislead us," he expresses his hopes for his own writings, his own books, his determination to make "verse / Deal boldly with substantial things" (Wordsworth 35). In these stirring words, which remain substantially the same from their composition in 1804 to their publication in 1850, he writes: haply shall I teach, Inspire; through unadulterated ears Pour rapture, tenderness, and hope,--my theme (Wordsworth 132). This approach, based on Romantic imagination, is one that requires that most of virtues, an utter and unshakable faith in the trustworthiness of the human mind and its destiny, a surety that the mind which remains in genuine motion will not for long go astray. In The Idiot Boy, Wordsworth uses Romantic imagination to unveil surface and settings of the poem. There is the poet's desire to agitate the reader's mind and provoke the reader's imagination by a depiction of "the great and simple affections." There is also his intention to rip out of the hands of "the wealthy Few" their longtime monopoly of books and poetry. There is, further, his desire to lead his readers into enlarged sympathies and purer moral feelings. And there is his aim to do all this in the context of the tradition of the affirmative comedy of feeling (Abrams Meyer 59). But these multiple aims are not only complex but in some ways actually divergent. What can unify them, what the poet in this poem depends on to cement these incongruous elements, is his attention to the theory of language, an attention which is at once profoundly revolutionary in its concern for common speech but also very much a part of the long tradition of poetic concern over the sanctity of the word. in The Idiot Boy, a poem seemingly so different from those great works of English neoclassicism, Wordsworth once again focuses, in his own distinctive way, on both the divine and the human qualities of language, its basis and origin in our nature, and the effects of language on the "gentle agitations of the mind" both within the poem and within the receptive reader (Baugh 71). But this boy of the published poem is not really a different person from Wordsworth, any more than Lucy Gray is. He is Wordsworth's childhood, dead and gone, but not forgotten; contemplated and renewed in contemplation in a way that might otherwise seem quite morbid in a child mooning in a graveyard (Bateson 44). For, says the poet, through that churchyard when my way has led On summer evenings, I believe, that there A long half hour together I have stood Mute--looking at the grave in which he lies!(Wordsworth 31) So it is too in the reluctance to decide that Lucy Gray is finally dead, completely and forever lost. They became far more sensitive, more enthusiastic, less hide-bound by rules--in practical criticism the advance is plain; but they tended also to become gushing, bardolatrous, muddle-headed, and mysterious, with a fondness for windy and cloudy theories that we are still plagued with to this day (Baugh 3). Neo-classic criticism doubtless had too much "reality principle"; but their Romantic successors stagger terribly at times from lack of it. There may be no more demanding poet than Wordsworth. The demands he makes, though, are not those of other poets. He does not perplex by an unfamiliar vocabulary nor a complexly involved syntax nor by learned allusions and literary citations in a variety of often very exotic tongues requiring explanatory footnotes exceeding in the space they occupy the poetry they are designed to elucidate (Baugh 31). For regardless of what readers, or Wordsworth himself, may believe about the immortality of the soul and the eternal nature of Man, there is not, except in this sense, any real permanence in childhood. We all may live forever; indeed, many believe we will. But, except in this very limited sense, the child that every adult once was is gone forever In sum, Romantic imagination is based on a balance between unique settings and theme s of nature and personal imagination of the author, his unique style and stylistic devices. Poetry, it is urged, remains completely free of fact. Different poems are the means of assuming different "emotional attitudes"; and the more the merrier. Each is a different drug, giving a different dream; a new enchanted cigarette in a foggy world where all is smoke. The literary connoisseur can become all things to all gods; literature serves as a sort of combined camel and mirage to carry him across modern life. It is very curious, this latest revival of Romanticism in a mystical setting. Wordsworth uses the balance, the proportion, the control, the power to coordinate, of the great masters; the intelligence and grace of the man of the world; the quiet sympathy a writer needs in order to observe and delineate characters other than his own or shadows of his own--that exaggerated ego which in the Romantics o ften grows as bloated as an ant-queen among her crawling subjects. Works Cited Abrams Meyer H., ed. English Romantic Poets: Modern Essays in Criticism. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1975. Bateson F. W. Wordsworth: A Re-interpretation. London: Longmans, 1956. Baugh Albert C., ed. A Literary History of England. 2nd ed. New York: Appleton, 1967. Wordsworth William. The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth. 1940-49. Ed. Ernest de Selincourt and Helen Darbishire. 5 vols. Oxford: Clarendon,